Propolis-Enhanced Pectin Hydrogels: A Multifunctional Platform for Skin Cancer Treatment
Abstract
Skin cancers are among the most common malignancies, demanding innovative therapeutic approaches. Injectable hydrogels offer a minimally invasive solution for deep tissue wounds by conforming to irregular geometries, maintaining a moist environment, and enabling localized drug delivery. This study introduces an oxidized pectin (OP)-gelatin hydrogel dynamically crosslinked via adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) and gelatin, providing enhanced structural integrity and self-healing properties [1]. Procaine (PC) is incorporated for its dual role in pain relief and anticancer activity [2], while propolis strengthens mechanical properties and contributes antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects[3,4]. Additionally, antibacterial activity, mucoadhesive nature, and pH-responsive gelation of pectin polymer further enhance the hydrogel’s functionality [2].
All formulations were characterized using FTIR, TGA, contact angle measurements, rheological, mechanical, degradation, swelling, and drug release analyses. The findings indicate that propolis incorporation enhanced the hydrogel’s mechanical strength, self-healing ability, and controlled drug release properties. Rheological analysis revealed a decrease in the damping factor with the addition of propolis, suggesting improved viscoelastic stability. The lap shear test (ASTM- F2255-05) demonstrated an adhesive strength of 1.544 MPa, highlighting the hydrogel’s ability to form robust adhesion with wound tissues. The system facilitated sustained PC release, offering prolonged analgesic efficacy and improved therapeutic potential for skin cancer treatment. This multifunctional hydrogel system presents a promising approach for skin cancer treatment by facilitating tissue regeneration, enabling sustained pain management, and promoting efficient wound healing through bioactive agent delivery.